Amendments

January 2024

Caption: January 2024
   
Updated Chapters
Chapter Name Details
Capacity and Consent Amendments have been made to reflect case-law in relation to assessing legal capacity.
Aftercare under Section 117 of the Mental Health Act 1983 Section 2, Ordinary Residence has been updated in line with case law.
Children and Young People Aged 0-25 with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities This chapter has been amended to include information from Special Educational Needs and Disability: Improving Local Authority Decision Making - Report of the Administrative Justice Council's Working Group on Special Educational Needs and Disability.
Unaccompanied Migrant Children and Child Victims of Trafficking and Modern Slavery This chapter has been updated. Information in relation to the National Age Assessment Board has been added into Section 4, Assessment.
Families with No Recourse to Public Funds Section 5.2.5, Providing Support has been updated to reflect the Home Office increase in financial support to individuals waiting to find out if they will be given asylum in the UK.
Care and Supervision Proceedings and the Public Law Outline Information has been added into Section 4, Care Orders and Supervisions Orders on a Care Plan of the Child Remaining at Home in relation to Supervision Orders, in line with Public Law Working Group (PLWG) Recommendations to Achieve Best Practice in the Child Protection and Family Justice Systems: Supervision Orders.
Placements in Residential Care This chapter has been updated to include information from Guidance - Placing Children: Deprivation of Liberty Orders - guidance for providers, social workers and placement commissioners on placing children, subject to a deprivation of liberty order (DoL), in unregistered settings and President of the Family Division Practice Guidance: Placements in Unregistered Children's Homes in England or Unregistered Care Home Services in Wales.
Placements in Secure Accommodation on Welfare Grounds Section 10, Use of Inherent Jurisdiction to Authorise a Placement Involving a Deprivation of Liberty has been updated to include information from Guidance - Placing Children: Deprivation of Liberty Orders - guidance for providers, social workers and placement commissioners on placing children, subject to a deprivation of liberty order (DoL), in unregistered settings and President of the Family Division Practice Guidance: Placements in Unregistered Children's Homes in England or Unregistered Care Home Services in Wales.
Placements in Other Arrangements This chapter has been updated.
Health and Safety Additional information has been added about online safety.
Early Permanence: Fostering for Adoption, Concurrent Planning and Temporary Approval as Foster Carers of Approved Prospective Adopters This chapter has been refreshed and a link added to National Early Permanence Practice Standards (Coram Centre for Early Permanence).
New Chapters and Features
Chapter Name Details
Supporting the Education and Promoting the Achievement of Children with a Social Worker, Children Looked After and Children Previously Looked After This chapter has been added.
Ofsted Inspection Framework This chapter has been added.
Next Update: July 2024

July 2023

Caption: July 2023
   
Updated Chapters
Chapter Name Details
Children and Young People Aged 0-25 with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities This chapter has been updated to include information from Guidance: Area SEND Inspections Framework and Handbook (November 2022). Section 15, Resolving Disagreements has been updated in line with the First Tier Tribunal's extended powers to hear appeals and make non-binding recommendations about health and social care aspects of Education, Health and Care (EHC) plans, provided those appeals also include education elements.
Placing and Visiting Children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities or Health Conditions in Long-Term Residential Settings This chapter has been updated to include information from the UK Social Work Practice in Safeguarding Disabled Children and Young People report.
Care and Supervision Proceedings and the Public Law Outline Section 8, Court Hearings has been updated in line with A View From the President's Chambers: Relaunching the PLO (November 2022) and that section should be re-read.
In Relevant Guidance, a link has been added to Pre-proceedings and Family Justice Hub (Research in Practice).
Placements in Other Arrangements This chapter has been refreshed.
Remands to Local Authority Accommodation or to Youth Detention Accommodation This chapter has been amended to include information from Annex to MOJ Circular 2022/03: Additional Information on Remand to Local Authority Accommodation (RLAA).
Health Care Assessments and Plans Information in relation to allergies has been added into Section 4, Health Plans.
Positive Relationships and Behaviour Management This chapter has been amended to incorporate Ofsted feedback. Additional information has been added into Section 2, Positive Behaviour Support and Section 5.4, Recording of Sanctions.
Leaving Care and Transition This chapter has been revised in to include information from the revised Ofsted inspection framework. With effect from 1 April 2023, the leaving care allowance increased from £2,000 to £3,000.
Children Involved in the Youth Justice System Additional National Guidance Links have been added to "A Guide to Child First - Youth Justice Board" and "Matters of Concern, Safeguarding Concerns, Allegations and Complaints for Children in Custody".
Allegations Against Prospective Adopters and in Relation to Children Placed for Adoption or Already Adopted This chapter has been amended in line with revised Keeping Children Safe in Education. A new Section 2, The Difference Between an Allegation of Harm and a Concern has also been added.
Applications for Special Guardianship Orders This chapter has been updated to reflect the updated Public Law Working Group Best Practice Guidance. This includes the new interim guidance, issued by the President of the Family Division, that addresses the lawful extension of care proceedings beyond 26 weeks. Section 6.3, Placement before Special Guardianship Order (SGO) is Granted has been added in line with guidance that states where there is no pre-existing relationship between the child and special guardians the child should be placed on an interim basis before the special guardianship order is made.
Case Records and Retention This chapter has been updated in relation to the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse.
New Chapters and Features
Chapter Name Details
Equality and Diversity This chapter has been added to the manual.
Risk Assessment and Planning This chapter has been added to the manual.
Providing Personalised Care This chapter has been added to the manual.
Health and Safety This chapter has been added to the manual.
Leisure Activities This chapter has been added to the manual.
Training and Development of Foster Carers This chapter has been added to the manual.
Removed Chapters
  • Case Transfer Guidance.

January 2023

Caption: January 2023
   
Updated Chapters
Chapter Name Details
Aftercare under Section 117 of the Mental Health Act 1983 This chapter has been amended to refer to Guidance issued by the Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman and the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman.
Ceasing to Look After a Child This chapter has been updated to add a note regarding transferring a child's belongings in appropriate luggage and includes a link to a link to NYAS, My Things Matter Report.
Placements Outside England and Wales Section 3, Placements in Scotland, Northern Ireland, Isle of Man and Guernsey has been updated in line with the Cross-border Placements (Effect of Deprivation of Liberty Orders) (Scotland) Regulations 2022 and Cross-Border Placements (Effect of Deprivation of Liberty Orders) (Scotland) Regulations 2022: Practice Guidance, Notice and Undertaking Template.
Remands to Local Authority Accommodation or to Youth Detention Accommodation This chapter has been amended in line with the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022.
Family Time with Parents/Adults and Siblings Section 3, Supervised Family Time has been updated to reflect a finding by the Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman that the supervisor's observations of the Family Time must be clearly recorded in the child's record and shared with the parents within 3 months of the visit.
Children and Young People Looked After in Contact with Youth Justice Services Section 2, Looked After Children who are Arrested has been updated in relation to appropriate adults.
Adoption Support This chapter has been refreshed.
New Chapters and Features
Chapter Name Details
Youth Offending Additional National Guidance This chapter has been added.
Removed Chapters
  • Assessment and Approvals of Prospective Adopters;
  • Adoption Panel.

July 2022

Caption: July 2022
   
Updated Chapters
Chapter Name Details
Capacity and Consent Section 4.3, Consent to the Use of Medication to Suppress Puberty has been added.
Aftercare under Section 117 of the Mental Health Act 1983 Section 2, Ordinary Residence has been updated in line with case-law.
Unaccompanied Migrant Children and Child Victims of Trafficking and Modern Slavery This chapter has been updated.
Care and Supervision Proceedings and the Public Law Outline This chapter has been updated.
Legal Gateway/Planning Meetings This chapter has been updated.
Decision to Look After This chapter has been updated.
Ceasing to Look After a Child This chapter has been updated to add a note regarding transferring a child's belongings in appropriate luggage and includes a link to a link to NYAS, My Things Matter Report. (See Section 5, Administration / Process Issues).
Placements in Foster Care This chapter has been amended to add a link to the NYAS 'My Things Matter' Report – support and respect care-experienced children and their belongings when they move (see Section 4, Placement Planning).
Placements in Residential Care This chapter has been amended to add a link to the NYAS 'My Things Matter' Report – support and respect care-experienced children and their belongings when they move (see Section 2.3, Placement Planning).
Placements in Secure Accommodation on Welfare Grounds Section 10, Use of Inherent Jurisdiction to Authorise a Placement Involving a Deprivation of Liberty has been updated in line with case-law.
Education of Children Looked After and Previously Looked After This chapter has been updated to reflect Keeping Children Safe in Education (2021). Schools should have policies and processes in place to ensure all concerns about all adults working in or on behalf of the school or college (including supply teachers, volunteers and contractors) are dealt with promptly and appropriately. See Section 8.3, Protecting Children with a Social Worker, Looked After Children and Previously Looked After Children from Adults Who May Pose a Risk to Them and/or Other Children in the School. 
Health Care Assessments and Plans This chapter has been updated.
Positive Relationships and Behaviour Management This chapter has been updated.
Restrictive Physical Intervention A link has been added to the Ofsted good practice guidance which is non statutory - Guidance: Positive Environments Where Children Can Flourish (Ofsted).
Leaving Care and Transition This chapter has been amended to add a link to the NYAS 'My Things Matter' Report – support and respect care-experienced children and their belongings when they move (see Scope of This Chapter).
Fostering Panel This chapter has been updated.
Use of Social Media Sites by Social Care and Safeguarding Staff This chapter has been given a general refresh.
New Chapters and Features
Chapter Name Details
Care Planning This chapter has been added.

March 2022

Caption: March 2022
   
Updated Chapters
Chapter Name Details
Advocacy and Independent Visitors The referral process for the Reconstruct Advocacy, Independent Visiting and Child Protection Advocacy Service has changed. You can find more information see Reconstruct Advocacy, Independent Visiting and Child Protection Advocacy Service where referrals can be made and to find further information about the service.

January 2022

Caption: January 2022
   
Updated Chapters
Chapter Name Details
Capacity and Consent A new Section 5.4, Consent to Life-ending Withdrawal of Medical Support has been added, to reflect High Court judgments. Section 2.1, Consent to Information has been updated to reflect revisions contained in the statutory guidance Working Together to Safeguard Children.
Contacts and Referrals Guidance contained in this chapter has been reviewed and updated as required to reflect guidance from the refreshed Working Together to Safeguard Children.
Assessments This chapter has been amended to add a new Section 15, 16 and 17 year olds who may be Homeless and/or require Accommodation and reflects the issue of Homelessness and the vulnerability of young people identified in Working Together to Safeguard Children.
Complaints and Representations This chapter has been amended to reflect the Children's Statutory Complaint Process: Guide for Practitioners (Local Government & Social Care Ombudsman, 2021). (See Relevant Guidance).
Children and Young People Aged 0-25 with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities This chapter has been refreshed and updated and includes links to related reports from the House of Commons Library. (See Section 16, Further Information and Statutory Guidance).
Short Breaks Information has been added in to Section 7, Short Break Settings, in relation to the prohibition on looked after children under the age of 16 being placed in 'other arrangements' placements for the purposes of a short break.
Unaccompanied Migrant Children and Child Victims of Trafficking and Modern Slavery

In Section 6.1, Placement Options has been updated in relation to placements in 'other arrangements'. Section 4, Assessment has been updated in relation to Age Assessments.

Minor amendments have also been made to this chapter in line with the UK's exit from the EEA.
Families with No Recourse to Public Funds This chapter has been updated.
Family and Friends Care This chapter has been revised. New Section 7, Education has been added and information added on the School Admission Code.
Relinquished Children This chapter has been updated to reflect case-law setting out lessons for the future in non-notification cases.
Care and Supervision Proceedings and the Public Law Outline This chapter has been updated. The link has been updated to the SWET (updated April 2021). Section 2, Pre-Proceedings has been updated to include information in relation to pre-birth assessments and planning where the mother has learning disabilities. It has also been updated to reflect Practice Guidance on Special Guardianship (Family Justice Council, June 2020). See in particular Section 9, Expectations of the Local Authority by the Court.
Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority Claims for Children Looked After This chapter has been refreshed and a link added to House of Commons Library Briefing Paper: Criminal Injuries Compensation for Victims of Child Abuse.
Placements with Parents Section 1, Planned Placements has been updated to add information on placements in 'other arrangements.'
Placements in Residential Care This chapter has been updated to note that, from September 2021, looked after children under 16 years of age cannot be accommodated in unregulated independent or semi-independent placements.
Out of Area Placements Section 6, Placements in Wales has been updated in line with updated Children Act 1989 Guidance and Regulations - Volume 2: Care Planning, Placement and Case Review.
Placements Outside England and Wales Section 3, Placements in Scotland, Northern Ireland, Isle of Man and Guernsey has been updated in line with updated Children Act 1989 Guidance and Regulations - Volume 2: Care Planning, Placement and Case Review. Additional information has also been added in relation to placements in Scotland, in line with a High Court case.
Remands to Local Authority Accommodation or to Youth Detention Accommodation Information has been added in to Section 3, Local Authority Accommodation, in relation to children under the age of 16 being placed in 'other arrangements' placements.
Delegation of Authority to Foster Carers and Residential Workers New Section 7.4, Consent to Life-ending Withdrawal of Medical Support has been added, to reflect a High Court judgment.
Education of Children Looked After and Previously Looked After

This chapter has been significantly amended to reflect the 'Review of Sexual Abuse in Schools and Colleges (Ofsted, June 2021)'; updated 'Keeping Children Safe in Education' (see Scope Box) and Sexual Harassment in Education – Briefing (House Of Parliament Library, June 2021). (See Section 8.2 Protecting looked after children from sexual harassment and child-on-child abuse).

The chapter has also been amended to reflect Promoting the Education of Children with a Social Worker: Virtual School Head Role Extension, June 2021.

In Section 6, When a Child Needs or Joins a New School, information has been added on the School Admission Code.
Leaving Care and Transition Section 6, Pathway Planning has been updated to note that, in relevant cases, immigration status should be included as a separate section on the Pathway Plan. This will help to ensure that young people who have been granted Pre Settled Status under the EU Settlement Scheme apply to convert this to Settled Status at the appropriate. Pathway Plans should contain clear information about what action needs to be taken by whom and when to ensure that the young person's right to remain legally in the UK is not jeopardised.
Applications for Special Guardianship Orders This chapter has been revised. In Section 12, The Special Guardianship Support Plan, information has been added on the School Admission Code. It has also been updated to reflect Practice Guidance on Special Guardianship published by the Family Justice Council (June 2020). See Section 6.2, Special Guardianship Applications in Care Proceedings and new Section 16, Special Guardianship Orders in International Cases.
Electronic Recording of Meetings and Conversations Information has been added on recording by employees in a professional capacity.
New Chapters and Features
Chapter Name Details
Placements in Other Arrangements This chapter has been added to the manual.

July 2021

Caption: July 2021
   
Updated Chapters
Chapter Name Details
Children and Young People Aged 0-25 with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities This chapter has been amended. Section 15, Resolving Disagreements has been updated to reference recent case-law holding that, as part of the mediation process, a parent/child/young person is entitled to bring along any supporter they wish, including a lawyer.
Prevention of Homelessness and Provision of Accommodation for 16 and 17 Year Olds who may be Homeless and/or Require Accommodation; and Duty to Refer This chapter has been updated to add a link to Joint Housing Protocols for Care Leavers: good practice advice (DfE and MHCLG) to support the development of joint protocols that can help local authorities to meet the accommodation needs of care leavers (see Section 4, Housing Protocols for Care leavers).
Placements in Secure Accommodation on Welfare Grounds A new Section 10, Use of Inherent Jurisdiction to Authorise a Placement Involving a Deprivation of Liberty When One or More of the Relevant Criteria Under Section 25 Children Act 1989 are Not Satisfied has been added.
Education of Children Looked After and Previously Looked After This chapter has been updated to reflect changes from the revised Working Together to Safeguard Children.
Holidays and School Trips In and Outside the UK This guidance has been reviewed and updated throughout. Section 2.3, Insurance Cover has been updated to include details of how to apply for a Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) which provides access to reduced cost or free medical insurance in the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland. Section 2.4, Obtaining a Passport has also been updated to link to reissued Home Office guidance for Local Authorities Children's Services Departments when Applying for Passports on Behalf of Children.
Leaving Care and Transition This chapter has been updated with a link to Joint Housing Protocols for Care Leavers: good practice advice (DfE and MHCLG) to support the development of joint protocols that can help local authorities to meet the accommodation needs of care leavers. Additional content has therefore been added in a new Section 8, Joint Housing Protocols for Care Leaver as well as Section 7, Reviews of Pathway Plans and Section 13, Where Care Leavers Live or Move to a Different Local Authority Area.
Responsibilities of the Local Authority to Former Looked After Children and Young People in Custody This chapter has been updated to reflect the Section 2.6 Care leavers leaving custody in Joint Housing Protocols for Care Leavers: good practice advice (DfE and MHCLG) 2020. (See Section 3.9, Planning for Release).
Access to Birth Records and Adoption Case Records This chapter has been given a general refresh throughout and information added on applying for a copy of a birth certificate online.

January 2021

Caption: January 2021
   
Updated Chapters
Chapter Name Details
Complaints and Representations Information contained in this procedure has been reviewed and refreshed as required.
Unaccompanied Migrant Children and Child Victims of Trafficking and Modern Slavery Section 11, Further Information has been updated to include a link to Statutory Guidance Modern Slavery: How to Identify and Support Victims.
Families with No Recourse to Public Funds This chapter has been updated and should be re-read throughout.
Placements in Secure Accommodation on Welfare Grounds Section 6, Placements of Children under the age of 13 years has been updated following publication of revised DfE guidance.
Notifications of Significant Events This procedure has been updated to reflect the latest Ofsted guidance for social care providers on the types of incident which they consider to be serious and which will therefore require notification to the regulatory authority. New sections have been added on the quality of notifications and learning from notifications.
Assessment and Approvals of Foster Carers A revised link has been added to Prepare for a review panel: adopters and foster carers.
Review and Termination of Approval of Foster Carers A revised link has been added to Prepare for a review panel: adopters and foster carers.
Assessment and Approvals of Prospective Adopters A revised link has been added to Prepare for a review panel: adopters and foster carers.
New Chapters and Features
Chapter Name Details
Capacity and Consent This chapter has been added to the manual.
Use of Social Media Sites by Social Care and Safeguarding Staff This chapter has been added to the manual.
Storage of Data on Mobile Devices This chapter has been added to the manual.

June 2020

Caption: June 2020
   
Updated Chapters
Chapter Name Details
Assessments This chapter has been updated in line with the new digital referral system for reporting potential victims of Modern Slavery.
Children and Young People Aged 0-25 with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities An update has been made in Section 1, Principles to draw attention to OFSTED's advice that Local Authorities should exercise due diligence in ensuring schools for pupils with SEN are registered with the DFE. The same diligence should be exercised on behalf of pupils with SEN.
Unaccompanied Migrant Children and Child Victims of Trafficking and Modern Slavery This chapter has been updated to take account of the new NRM digital referral form to report Modern Slavery.
Notifications of Significant Events This procedure has been updated to reflect revised guidance issued by Ofsted to Children's Homes Providers in August 2019. The revised guidance sought to clarify what is meant by a 'serious event' in relation to a child living in a Children's Homes with the aim of reducing the overall number of notifications made to Ofsted, and in particular reducing the number of repeat notifications made as a result of submitting additional / updated information.
Court Reports in Placement Order Applications and Adoption/Special Guardianship Guidance This chapter has been updated to note the Family Justice Council: Interim Guidance on Special Guardianship, (Family Justice Council, May 2019). See Section 3, Special Guardianship - Matters to be Dealt with in Report for the Court and final paragraphs 11 and 12).
Recording Policy and Guidelines This chapter has been amended to reflect the Ofsted Twitter Blog of 24/7/19 by Yvette Stanley, Ofsted's National Director for Social Care. The Blog highlights feedback from a number of inspections and explores what good recording should look like (Ofsted: developments in children's social care – What makes an effective case record?).
Removed Chapters
  • Allegations Against Foster Carers;
  • List of Agency Decision Makers, Designated Managers and Nominated Officers.

December 2019

Caption: December 2019
   
Updated Chapters
Chapter Name Details
Death or Serious Injury to a Child (Looked After and Child in Need) This chapter has been updated throughout to reflect Working Together to Safeguard Children and the process for reporting a serious incident to the Panel via the Child Safeguarding Incident Notification System.
Private Fostering This chapter has been amended. It confirms in Section 14, After the Private Fostering Arrangement Ends that any request for support by the young person should be made to the local authority in which they are resident or where the education and training is being provided.
Care and Supervision Proceedings and the Public Law Outline

This chapter has been updated to reference and note the Family Court Justice Interim Guidance on Special Guardianship, Courts and Tribunals Judiciary (May 2019) (see Section 1, Introduction).

It has also been amended in to reflect changes from 'Practice Direction 27a - Family Proceedings: Court Bundles (Universal Practice to be Applied in the High Court and Family Court)', in relation to the required maximum length of certain court documents, (unless otherwise specifically directed by the court). In addition, a new subsection of Section 4.1, Local Authority Documentation - 'Final Care Plan' provides further detail on the importance of recording information on the Care Plan which will help the child, parent or the child's carer understand why decisions have been or are being made.
Decision to Look After and Care Planning This chapter has been amended to reflect Section 3 of the Care Planning and Care Leavers (Amendment) Regulations 2014. The Care Plan must identify whether there is reason to believe the child has been trafficked or is an unaccompanied asylum seeker (see Section 2.1, The Care Plan - Contents).
Placements with Parents This chapter has been updated to note that this procedure does not apply to children subject to Interim Care Orders where the placement is required by the court under Section 38(6) Children Act 1989 for the purposes of assessment (see Scope of This Chapter).
Social Worker Visits to Children Looked After This chapter has been amended to include a link to the Leaving Care and Transition Procedure in relation to Personal Adviser visits to 'Relevant' or 'Former Relevant' young people.
Secure Accommodation (Criteria) Reviews This chapter has been reviewed and updated. The requirement for clear separation of reviews (for clarifying whether the criteria for keeping a child in secure accommodation are met, and the child's looked after review) has been emphasised. Clarifying whether the criteria for keeping a child in secure accommodation are met must come before a LAC review so the decision can inform the LAC review and they must be chaired by different individuals.
Notifications of Significant Events This chapter has been updated.
Education of Children Looked After and Previously Looked After This chapter has been updated.
Leaving Care and Transition

This chapter has been updated. Amendments have been made in:

  • Section 5, Leaving Care Assessment of Need - in relation to children who are victims of trafficking or unaccompanied asylum seeking children;
  • Section 7, Reviews of Pathway Plans - in relation to Relevant/Former Relevant young people moving to 'unregulated' accommodation; and
  • Section 8, Personal Advisers - in relation to frequency of visits by Personal Advisers.
Assessment and Approvals of Foster Carers A link has been added to Attending an IRM Panel: information sheets. See Section 9, Representations / Independent Review Procedure.
Supervision and Support of Foster Carers This chapter has been updated to reflect in more detail the foster carer's role and responsibilities with respect to Fostering National Minimum Standards – Notification of Significant Events (see Section 1, Introduction) and relevant aspects of Schedule 6 The Fostering Services (England) Regulations 2011, (see Section 2, Planned Supervision Visits).
Review and Termination of Approval of Foster Carers A link has been added to Attending an IRM Panel: information sheets. See Section 6, Representations/Review Procedure.
Assessment and Approvals of Prospective Adopters This chapter has been amended to reflect the national changes in adoption registration and matching (see Section 9, After the Panel Recommendation). A link has also been added to Attending an IRM Panel: information sheets. See Section 10 Representations / Independent Review Procedure.
Placement for Adoption This chapter has been amended to reflect the national changes in adoption registration and matching (see Section 7.13, Inter Agency Placements and Section 11, Children Approved for Adoption for Whom no Placement has been Identified).
Access to Birth Records and Adoption Case Records A link has been added to Attending and IRM Panel: information sheets. See Section 3.2, Adoption Orders made on or after 30 December 2005.
Applications for Special Guardianship Orders This chapter has been updated to reference and reflect the Family Court Justice Interim Guidance on Special Guardianship, Courts and Tribunals Judiciary, (see new Section 6.2, Special Guardianship applications in care proceedings).
New Chapters and Features
Chapter Name Details
Placing and Visiting Children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities or Health Conditions in Long-Term Residential Settings This chapter has been added to the manual.