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It will be in the interests of the majority of looked-after children to maintain contact with their families and friends. Staff in residential homes should support and encourage children and young people to maintain family contacts and develop new friendships. However, any arrangements for contact and any contact details (telephone numbers etc.) must be included in the placement plan agreed between the Home and the child's placing authority. The placement plan should be updated regularly.
Appropriate forms of contact should be promoted and facilitated for each child, including visits to the child in the home; visits by the child to relatives and/or friends; sending and receiving letters, emails and texts; use of social media and other forms of contact via the internet.
There may be circumstances where children's homes staff assess that restriction of contact is necessary to safeguard the child. Such decisions should not be taken lightly and must be agreed with the placing authority, where possible, except in an emergency situation, where the placing authority must be notified within 24 hours.
Children's homes have a duty to provide access to a telephone that children can use privately. This can include the provision of a mobile phone where appropriate and safe for the child, as long as an alternative is in place for the child to make telephone calls in private if their personal mobile phone is lost, out of credit or broken.
As part of the placement process, the registered person and the child's placing authority should agree the arrangements for contact by letter, telephone / mobile, the internet and social media. The placement plan should be updated regularly.
If any risks are identified, these must be addressed in the placement plan, including any restrictions on contact considered necessary to safeguard the child and promote their welfare. If restrictions are imposed, the arrangements should be regularly reviewed and the arrangements changed if the risks reduce.
If a Child is placed in an emergency, the Emergency Review should consider the arrangements for contact by letter, telephone / mobile, the internet and social media.
Children will have access to telephones (including mobiles), computers / laptops and tablets at reasonable times, in line with what would be considered acceptable for their peers who are not looked after. The child's Placement Plan should cover delegated authority in relation to the use of social media.
At any time, if staff consider that a Child or others may be at risk from having access to telephones, mobiles, computers/the internet or other forms of communication, they must take steps to reduce or prevent the risk.
If the risk is of Significant Harm (including online or Cyberbullying), serious damage to property or of a criminal offence being committed, staff must consider withdrawal/confiscation. Preferably, withdrawal should be by agreement with the Child; if agreement is not forthcoming, the Home's manager should apply the same principles as set out for searching a Child without consent, in Searching Children/Bedrooms Procedure.
If any such restrictions are imposed, the Home's Manager and child's social worker must be notified within 24 hours and consideration must be given to whether any ongoing restrictions should be imposed upon the Child; any arrangements for ongoing restrictions must be outlined in the Child's Placement Plan.
If a child is prevented from having access to a telephone, or access is reduced, it is deemed to be a Sanction, and must be recorded as such.
As set out above, mobiles or other devices may be seized by staff if it can be shown that the mobile/device is being or may be used to place the Child or others (including staff) at risk of Significant Harm, this could include from their use of internet or social networking sites and the exchange of images/video clips (so called sexting) or posting of them on such sites e.g. as a form or cyberbullying.
If items are seized, they must be passed to the Home's Manager, who must record the seizure and come to a decision about whether to confiscate the device.
Confiscation is reasonable where the Home's Manager considers that the device will be used in a manner which will place the child or others at continuing risk of Significant Harm, in order to caused serious damage to property or if there is a suspicion that the device is not owned by the child e.g. stolen. In such circumstances, the Home's Manager should pass the device to the Police or keep it safely in the home.
If the device is owned by/the property of the child, the Home's Manager may retain it until satisfied that it will be used reasonably i.e. in a way that does not place the child or others at risk.
If retained, the Home's Manager should provide the child with a receipt.
The internet is an integral part of our lives, and children in residential care need to learn how to use the internet safely and take responsibility for their own safety. This is best achieved by providing guidance in the home environment.
"Children and young people need to be empowered to keep themselves safe – this isn't just about a top-down approach. Children will be children – pushing boundaries and taking risks. At a public swimming pool we have gates, put up signs, have lifeguards and shallow ends, but we also teach children how to swim…
… just like in the offline world, no amount of effort to reduce potential risks to children will eliminate those risks completely. We cannot make the Internet completely safe. Because of this, we must also build children's resilience to the material to which they may be exposed so that they have the confidence and skills to navigate these new media waters more safely".
(Safer Children in a Digital World - Report of the Byron Review Executive Summary, March 2008)
Children and young people should be supported by staff in the home to use the internet and social media safety, including to understand that when they use digital technology they should not give out personal information, particularly their name, address or school, mobile phone numbers to anyone they do not know or trust. Discussions should also cover safeguard young people must consider if they plan to meet someone face to face whom they have only previously met on-line.
The development of Home Internet Rules can help in setting clear boundaries, using appropriate language, and expectations of the child or young person while in that particular placement. These could include:
Furthermore, young people should be warned about the risks of taking sexually explicit pictures of themselves and sharing them on the internet or by text. It is essential, therefore, that young people understand the legal implications and the risks they are taking. The initial risk posed by sexting may come from peers, friends and others in their social network who may share the images. Once an image has been sent, it is then out of your control. It could be shared with others or posted elsewhere online. The Criminal Justice and Courts Act (2015) introduced the offence of Revenge Porn where intimate images are shared with the intent to cause distress to the specific victim.
Social networking sites are often used by perpetrators as an easy way to access children and young people for sexual abuse. The Serious Crime Act (2015) has introduced an offence of sexual communication with a child. This applies to an adult who communicates with a child and the communication is sexual or if it is intended to elicit from the child a communication which is sexual and the adult reasonably believes the child to be under 16 years of age. The Act also amended the Sex Offences Act 2003 so it is now an offence for an adult to arrange to meet with someone under 16 having communicated with them on just one occasion (previously it was on at least two occasions).
In addition radical and extremist groups may use social networking to attract children and young people into rigid and narrow ideologies that are intolerant of diversity: this is similar to the grooming process and exploits the same vulnerabilities. The groups concerned include those linked to extreme Islamist, or Far Right/Neo Nazi ideologies, Irish Republican and Loyalist paramilitary groups, extremist Animal Rights groups and others who justify political, religious, sexist or racist violence.
Children may be drawn to adopt a radical ideology through a failure to appreciate the bias in extremist material; in addition by repeated viewing of extreme content they may come to view it as normal.
There are a wide range of organisations, which offer advice, support and information on internet safety issues. Below is a short list of some of these resources.
Web sites:
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