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Contents

1. Duty to Undertake a Section 47 Enquiry  
2. Purpose of a Section 47 Enquiry and Timescale    
3. Decision to Undertake a Section 47 Enquiry  
4. Obligations and Responsibilities of all Agencies 
5. Integration with Core Assessment  
6. Single Agency or Joint Enquiry/Investigation   
7. Seeing and Interviewing the Child 
8. Parental Involvement and Consent 
9. Medical Assessments 
10. Outcome of the Section 47 Enquiry  
11. Discontinuing the Section 47 Enquiry  
12. Recording the Section 47 Enquiry  
13. Feedback on Outcome of the Section 47 Enquiry  
14. Resolving Professional Differences

1.  Duty to Undertake a Section 47 Enquiry

The local authority, through its Children and Young People’s Services, has a statutory duty to carry out a Section 47 Enquiry in any of the following circumstances:

• Where there is information to indicate that a child has suffered or is likely to suffer Significant Harm
• Where a child is subject to an Emergency Protection Order
• Where a child is subject to Police Protection
• Where a child under 10 is in breach of a Curfew Order

The responsibility for undertaking Section 47 Enquiries lies with the local authority for the area in which the child lives or is found, even though the child is ordinarily resident in another local authority’s area.

Where a Section 47 Enquiry is to be conducted in relation to a child who is ordinarily resident in the area of another local authority, her/his home authority should be informed as soon as possible, and be involved as appropriate in the Strategy Discussion/Meeting.  In certain cases, it may be agreed that the home authority should undertake the Section 47 Enquiry (for example where the child is Looked After) and in all cases, the home authority should take responsibility for any further support of the child or family identified as necessary. 

See also Children Moving Across Local Authority Boundaries Procedure.

2.  Purpose of the Section 47 Enquiry and Timescale

The purpose of the Section 47 enquiry is to determine whether the child has suffered Significant Harm, or is likely to suffer Significant Harm, and any action is required to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child or children who is/are the subject of the Enquiry.

If a decision is made that a Section 47 Enquiry is necessary, it will be conducted by Children and Young People's Services alone or jointly with the Police– see Section 6.

The decision and plan to carry out the Section 47 enquiry will be determined at a Strategy Discussion/Meeting.

NB If during the course of a Section 47 Enquiry, allegations arise of a different type from that being investigated, a Strategy Discussion/Meeting should be held and decisions recorded to ensure that the new allegation is properly addressed.

3.  Decision to Undertake a Section 47 Enquiry

Children and Young People’s Services managers have the responsibility, based on available information, to authorise Section 47 enquiries.

The decision to initiate a Section 47 enquiry is usually taken at a Strategy Discussion/Meeting.  However, the manager may authorise a Section 47 enquiry at any time whenever the criteria set out in Section 1 are met, for example:

• At the point of a Referral
• During the early consideration of a Referral,
• During an Initial Assessment or Core Assessment or
• At any time in an open case when the criteria are satisfied.

In reaching her/his conclusion as to the justification for a Section 47 Enquiry, the manager must consider the following variables:

• The seriousness of the concern/s
• The history of concern/s
• The vulnerability of the child (through age, developmental stage, disability or other pre-disposing factor e.g. whether they are Looked After)
• The source of the Referral
• The information currently available to support the concerns
• The context in which the child is living - e.g. whether there is a child in the household who is subject of a Child Protection Plan
• Any predisposing factors in the family that may suggest a higher level of risk e.g. mental health difficulties, substance misuse of parent/carer or domestic abuse

The Section 47 Enquiry may be undertaken jointly with the Police - see Section 6.

Any decision to discontinue a Section 47 Enquiry must be confirmed by a Children and Young People’s Services manager, in consultation with other agencies, and the reasons recorded.

4.  Obligations and Responsibilities of All Agencies

All statutory agencies and other agencies working on behalf of statutory agencies have a legal duty to assist and provide information in support of Section 47 enquiries.  It is good practice for all agencies which come into contact with or offer services to children to assist with Section 47 Enquiries.

Any checks made by Children and Young People's Services and/or the Police with other agencies should be undertaken directly with involved professionals and not through messages with intermediaries.

The relevant agencies should be informed of the reasons for the Section 47 Enquiry, whether or not parental consent has been obtained and asked for their assessment of the child and the family's circumstances in the light of the information presented.  See Information Sharing and Confidentiality Procedure.

5.  Integration with Core Assessment and the Framework for Assessment of Children in Need and Their Families  

The Core Assessment is the means by which a Section 47 Enquiry is carried out.  The Core Assessment must be completed within 35 working days of the Strategy Discussion/Meeting where it is decided that a Section 47 enquiry should begin.

The Section 47 Enquiry should begin by focusing primarily on the information identified during the Referral and Initial Assessment, which appears most important in relation to the risk of Significant Harm.

The assessment of risk will:

• Identify the cause for concern
• Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the family
• Take account of the child’s ethnicity, culture and religion
• Seek to establish and understand the role of male partners, and/or fathers, in the lives of the child or children concerned.
• Evaluate the risks to the child or children, including unborn children
• Evaluate the ability of the parents and wider family and social networks to safeguard and promote the child’s welfare
• Determine the level of intervention required both in the immediate and longer term

This will inform the Core Assessment, which should cover all relevant dimensions in the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families and be alert to the potential needs and safety of siblings or other children in the household or with whom the alleged offender may have had contact.

The Section 47 Enquiry/Core Assessment should be led by a qualified and experienced social worker from Children and Young People’s Services, who will be responsible for its coordination and completion.  The social worker must consult with other agencies involved with the child and family in order to obtain a fuller picture of the circumstances of all children in the household, identifying parenting strengths and any risk factors.  All agencies consulted are responsible for providing information to assist with the assessment process. 

At the same time, where there is a joint enquiry/investigation, the Police will have to establish the facts about any offence that may have been committed against a child and collect evidence - see Section 6.

Sometimes, in the course of an enquiry, consideration may be given to undertaking “directed surveillance”.  For example, it may be important to know whether two people are involved in a relationship or are co-habiting, and it may be judged necessary to employ a private investigator or take steps which go beyond making enquiries of the type which social workers would routinely make.  In these circumstances, the legal situation is complex and the provisions set out in the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 may apply.  This legislation sets out the procedure to be followed.  In every case, legal advice must be taken when directed surveillance is considered and where necessary under the Act, the appropriate authorisation must be obtained.

6. Single Agency or Joint Enquiry/Investigation

See Protocol between West Mercia Constabulary and Children and Young People’s Services regarding Section 47 Enquiries and Criminal Investigations for the criteria on which single or joint enquiries/investigations are held.

7.  Seeing and Interviewing the Child

All contact with the child during Section 47 Enquiries must be conducted under Achieving Best Evidence guidance and staff must:

• Listen to the child rather than directly questioning her/him
• Never stop the child freely recounting significant events
• Fully record the discussion including timing, setting, presence of others as well as what was said

7.1

Seeing the Child There is a legal duty to ascertain the child's wishes and feelings regarding the enquiry and give due consideration to those wishes and feelings having regard to the child's age and understanding. All children within the household or other children who may be affected by the matter under investigation must be seen and spoken to during a Section 47 Enquiry to make an assessment of their welfare and safety. The children who are the focus of concern should be seen and spoken to alone by the Lead Social Worker (unless inappropriate for the child to do so - this will take account of the child's  age, understanding and willingness).  Consideration should be given to seeking parental permission (see Section 8).  Children of an appropriate age and understanding should be offered an explanation of what is likely to happen to them and given any written information as appropriate.  The child should be kept informed of developments. Children and Young People’s Services and the Police must ensure that appropriate arrangements are in place to support the child through the joint enquiry/investigation.  An adult – usually a parent, carer, relative or friend - should be identified to accompany and support the child through the process.  The most suitable person for the role will be dependent on the circumstances, taking into account the wishes and feelings of the child.  An adult who is suspected to have had involvement in the allegation under investigation must not accompany the child. Specialist help may be needed if: The child’s first language is not English There are concerns about the child’s emotional or psychological wellbeing The child is disabled Those investigating do not have adequate knowledge and understanding of the child’s racial, religious and cultural background Complex abuse is suspected The objective in seeing and speaking to the child is to assess the degree of risk and possible need for protective action by evaluating the following: The child’s appearance, demeanour, mood, overall development and behaviour The child’s view and account of allegations or concerns What the child would like to happen and why The interactions of the child and her/his carers The circumstances in which the child is currently living and sleeping The physical safety of the environment Whether any other children need to be included in the enquiry NB It is important to record the child's views and wishes. For further detailed guidance, see the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and Their Families.

7.2

Inability to access the child If efforts to see and communicate with the child or children as agreed at the Strategy Discussion/Meeting are unsuccessful, then the social worker and, where relevant, the Police officer should, in consultation with his/her manager: Carry out the contingency plan agreed at the Strategy Discussion/Meeting or Arrange a further Strategy Discussion/Meeting to agree what further action is required, including action to trace the whereabouts of the child (if unknown) See also Children and Families who go Missing Procedure.

8.  Parental Involvement and Consent

8.1

Parental Involvement Children and Young People’s Services have the prime responsibility to engage with parents and other family members to ascertain the facts of the situation causing concern and to assess the capacity of the family to safeguard the child. In most cases, parents should be enabled to participate fully in the assessment and enquiry process, which should be explained to them verbally and also in writing.  Where parents have additional needs e.g. through disability and/or mental ill health, they should be offered support to participate in the assessment and given advice about the services of an advocate.  If English is not their first language, an interpreter must be provided.  Information should also be given about seeking legal advice. The parents should be involved at the earliest opportunity unless to do so would prejudice the safety of the child.  The needs and safety of the child will be paramount when determining at what point parents or carers are given information.  Parents should be kept informed throughout about the enquiry, its outcome and any subsequent action unless this would jeopardise the welfare of the child. In explaining the process of a Section 47 Enquiry to parents, the following points should be covered: An explanation of the reason for concern and, where appropriate, the source of information  The procedures to be followed; this must include an explanation of the need for the child to be seen, interviewed and/or medically assessed, consultation about the gender of the medical practitioner where time allows and seeking parental agreement for these aspects of the enquiry – (see 9.3) An explanation of the role of the various agencies involved in the enquiry and explanation of the wish to work in partnership with them to secure the welfare of their child The need to gather initial information on the history and structure of the family, the child and other relevant information to enable an assessment of the injuries and/or allegations and the continuing risk to the child to be made In situations of domestic abuse, the possibility of working with the parents separately The provision of an opportunity for parents to be able to ask questions and receive support and guidance

8.2

Parental Consent Parental consent will normally be necessary in several circumstances including consent for inter agency checks, consent to see and interview the child and consent for a medical assessment. Within a Section 47 Enquiry, any outstanding inter agency checks will be undertaken without delay on the basis of the need for information to establish the degree of risk of harm to the child. However, parental consent will not be sought in some circumstances, including where:  There is evidence that the child would be at risk of further significant harm There is serious concern about the likely behaviour of the adult, for example that the child may be coerced into silence or vital evidence may be destroyed The child does not want his/her parent to be informed and is competent to make that decision Contacting a parent would undermine a criminal investigation The situation is urgent and no parent or carer can be found When it is decided to interview and/or arrange a medical assessment of the child without seeking the consent of the parents, the decision must be endorsed by the social worker’s line manager.  Legal advice must be taken as to whether any legal action is required before an interview and/or medical assessment can take place, for example, an application for a Child Assessment Order or in more urgent cases, an Emergency Protection Order. The parent or carer must be informed as soon as practicable and consistent with the best interests of the child.  Where permission is sought but refused or where the parent does not have the capacity to give informed consent, the social worker’s manager must determine whether to proceed, and if so, record the reasons.  Where there are reasonable grounds to believe that a child is suffering, or is likely to suffer, Significant Harm, and access is refused, Children and Young People’s Services have a duty to apply for: An Emergency Protection Order, or A Child Assessment Order, or An Interim Care Order unless it is satisfied that the child’s welfare can be safeguarded without doing so.

9.  Medical Assessments 

See also Protocol between West Mercia Constabulary and Children and Young People’s Services regarding Section 47 Enquiries and Criminal Investigations.

9.1	When a Medical Assessment is necessary Strategy Discussion/Meetings must consider, in consultation with the paediatrician (if not part of the discussion or meeting), the need for and timing of a medical assessment.  Consideration must also be given as to whether there are any other children in the household who may also require a medical assessment. Medical assessments should always be considered necessary where there has been a disclosure or there is a suspicion of any form of abuse to a child. Additional considerations are the need to: Secure evidence Obtain medical opinion as to the likely cause of any injuries, health concerns or delayed development Initiate any treatment required In cases of suspected severe neglect, physical injury or sexual abuse, the medical assessment should be undertaken on the day of the referral, where compatible with the welfare of the child. Only suitably qualified medical practitioners may physically examine the child for the purposes of a medical assessment.  Other staff should note any visible marks or injuries on a body map and document details in their recording.
9.2	Purpose of Medical Assessment The purpose of a medical assessment is: To diagnose any injury or harm to the child and to initiate treatment as required To document the findings To provide a medical report on the findings, including an opinion as to the probable cause of any injury or other harm reported To assess the overall health and development of the child and to refer for treatment where necessary To provide reassurance for the child and parent To arrange for follow up and review of the child as required, noting new symptoms including psychological effects
9.3	Consent for Medical Assessment The following may give consent to a medical assessment: A young person of 16 and over A child of under 16 where a doctor considers he or she is of sufficient age and understanding to give informed consent Any person with Parental Responsibility The local authority when the child is the subject of an Interim Care Order/Care Order (although the parent/carer should be informed) The local authority when the child is Accommodated and the parent/carers have abandoned the child or are physically or mentally unable to give such authority The High Court when the child is a ward of court A Court as part of a direction attached to an Emergency Protection Order, an Interim Care Order or a Child Assessment Order Where the child is the subject of ongoing Court proceedings, legal advice should be obtained about obtaining the Court’s permission to the medical assessment. It is generally good practice to seek wherever possible the permission of a parent for children under 16 prior to any medical assessment and/or other medical treatment even if the child is judged to be of sufficient understanding to give consent in their own right.  If this is not considered possible or appropriate, then the reasons should be clearly recorded. A child who is of sufficient understanding may refuse some or all of the medical assessment. In emergency situations where the child needs urgent medical treatment and there is insufficient time to obtain parental consent: The suitably qualified medical practitioner may decide to proceed without consent; and/or The suitably qualified medical practitioner may regard the child to be of an age and level of understanding to give her/his own consent In these circumstances, parents must be informed as soon as possible and a full record must be made at the time.
9.4	Arranging the Medical Assessment Medical assessments must take into account the need for both specialist paediatric expertise and evidential requirements in relation to the gathering of evidence. There should be only one medical examination of the child which in exceptional circumstances may involve more than one doctor. Consideration should be given to the gender of the examining doctor in consultation with the child and the parents. Where child sexual abuse is suspected, usually two doctors with complementary skills will conduct a joint medical assessment.  A single doctor may carry out the assessment where he or she has the necessary knowledge, skills and experience for the particular case.  For further guidance, see Guidance on Paediatric Forensic Examinations in relation to possible child sexual abuse, September 2004, issued by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and the Association of Forensic Physicians. Referrals for medical assessments should be made by the social worker, who should contact the on call Consultant Paediatrician.  The police will arrange attendance of a Police surgeon if required.  In planning the medical assessment, the social worker, the manager responsible, the Public Protection Unit and relevant doctor must consider whether it might be necessary to take photographic evidence for use in care or criminal proceedings. Where such arrangements are necessary, the child and parents must be informed and prepared and careful consideration given to the impact on the child.
9.5	Recording of Medical Assessment At the conclusion of the medical assessment, the doctor must give a verbal report explaining his or her findings to the social worker/Police officer attending, followed by a written report within 72 hours. Disclosure of the information contained in the report to the parent(s) of the child and/or the child should be agreed in consultation with Children and Young People’s Services and the Police. The report should include: Date, time and place of examination Those present Who gave consent and how (child/parent, written, phone or in person) A verbatim record of the carer’s and child’s accounts of injuries and concerns noting any discrepancies or changes of story Documentary findings in both words and diagrams Site, size, shape and where possible age of any marks or injuries Other findings relevant to the child e.g. squint, learning problems, speech problems etc. Confirmation of the child’s developmental progress (especially important in cases of neglect) Time examination ended Medical opinion of the likely cause of injury or harm and where relevant, whether the harm/injury fits the explanation Any recommendations for follow-up All reports and diagrams should be signed and dated by the doctor undertaking the examination. If criminal or family proceedings are instituted, the doctor’s written report will be filed and served as the doctor’s statement of evidence.  The doctor’s attendance at subsequent Court hearings may also be required.

10.  Outcome of the Section 47 Enquiry

The Section 47 enquiry is concluded at the point when an informed decision is made taking account of all information available as to whether the child is suffering or at risk of Significant Harm. 

The Section 47 enquiry will result in one of four possible outcomes:

1. Child protection concerns are substantiated and the child(ren) is (are) considered to suffering or at risk of Significant Harm, in which case an Initial Child Protection Conference will be convened. Consideration should be given by the date of the Initial Child Protection Conference to whether the Core Assessment has been completed or what further work is required before it is completed.
   
   The Initial Child Protection Conference must take place within a maximum of 15 days of the last Strategy Discussion/Meeting where the decision to initiate the Section 47 Enquiry was made.  Where necessary and appropriate, interim services and support must be provided to safeguard and promote the child’s welfare until the Child Protection Conference is held.
2. Child protection concerns are substantiated but the child is not judged to be at continuing risk of Significant Harm, for example because the family circumstances have changed since the harm occurred and/or an alleged perpetrator has permanently left the household. This decision must be endorsed by a suitably experienced and qualified social work manager. 
   
   In these circumstances, the child may still be regarded as a Child in Need and a plan required for the provision of services and/or further assessment; any provisional arrangements for an Initial Child Protection Conference should be cancelled.
3. Child protection concerns are not substantiated but the enquiries have revealed the child is a Child in Need for which services are required and/or further assessment. 
4. Child protection concerns are not substantiated and no further action is required.

In all cases, the outcome should be authorised by a Children and Young People’s Services Manager who should decide if the Core Assessment has been completed or should be continued. 

Decisions and outcomes must be recorded and where an Initial Child Protection Conference is to be convened, the decisions and outcomes must be included in the conference report.

The outcome of any Enquiry and the reasons for the decisions must be recorded.  Parents, the child (if appropriate) and the professionals involved should all be informed of the outcome in writing.

In relation to 2. and 3. above, a meeting of involved professionals and family members must be convened at the end of the Section 47 enquiry/Core Assessment to agree what actions should be undertaken by whom and with what outcomes for the child’s health and development.  Whether a Child in Need Plan is needed for ensuring the child’s future safety and welfare should be addressed and kept under review.

Such a meeting is also important to inform parents about the nature of any on-going concerns.

Whatever process is used to plan future action, the resulting Child in Need Plan should be informed by the Section 47 Enquiry/Core Assessment findings and set out who will have responsibility for what action, including a timescale for review of progress against planned outcomes.

11.  Discontinuing the Section 47 Enquiry

Any decision to discontinue a Section 47 Enquiry should be taken by a Manager in Children and Young People’s Services in consultation with the Police (and where appropriate other involved agencies and in particular the referring agency) after checks have been completed, and be taken in a flexible manner when it is clear that the criteria for Section 47 Enquiry are no longer satisfied, for example where the child moves abroad. 

This decision should be authorised and recorded by the Children and Young People’s Services manager who should record the reasons and whether the Core Assessment should be completed.

Where any agency has concerns about a decision to discontinue, see Section 1, Resolution of Professional Disagreements.

12.  Recording the Section 47 Enquiry

A full written record must be completed by each agency involved in a Section 47 Enquiry, using the required agency documentation, signed and dated by staff.

The Children and Young People’s Services’ recording of enquiries should include:

• The date(s) when the child was seen alone by the Lead Social Worker and, if not seen alone, who was present and the reasons for their presence
• Agency checks
• Contacts made cross-referenced with any specific forms used
• Strategy Discussion/Meeting notes
• Details of the enquiry
• Body maps (where applicable)
• Assessment including identification of risks and how they may be managed
• Decision making processes
• Outcome/Further Action Planned
• Recording of legal advice

At the completion of the Section 47 Enquiry, the social worker’s manager should ensure that the concern and outcome have been entered on the child’s chronology.

13.  Feedback on Outcome of Section 47 Enquiry

Children and Young People’s Services should ensure that parents, children (depending on their level of understanding), professionals and other agencies which have involvement are notified in writing of the outcome of Section 47 Enquiries within 2 working days of the decision being made.

Feedback on the outcome of a Section 47 Enquiry should be provided to non-professional referrers in a manner that respects the confidentiality and welfare of the child and family

Information to parents and children should be relayed in an appropriate format and translated for those people whose first language is not English.

If there are ongoing criminal investigations, the content of the notification should be agreed with the Police.

14.  Resolving Professional Differences

Where there remain differences of views, for example about a decision that an Initial Child Protection Conference is not required, every effort should be made to resolve them through discussion and negotiation.

Those professionals and agencies who are most involved with the child and family, and those who have taken part in the Section 47 Enquiry, have the right to request that Children and Young People’s Services convene a Child Protection Conference if they have serious concerns that a child’s welfare may not otherwise be adequately safeguarded.  Any such request that is supported by a senior manager, or a Designated Professional or Named Professional, should normally be agreed.

Where a disagreement on any issue cannot be resolved, the relevant staff should immediately notify their line managers. The line managers should ascertain the specific circumstances of the disagreement and contact should occur between agencies within 24 hours.  The purpose of this contact is to review the available information and to resolve the concern. Where necessary this may involve a meeting between the managers. Any agreed plan arising from this contact should be fed back immediately to the operational staff involved, confirmed in writing between agencies and include a date for review – see also Resolution of Professional Disagreements Procedure.

End