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The Protection of Children Standard
This chapter must be read in conjunction with the Multi-Agency Safeguarding Children Procedures for your area and the following chapters:
Recognising Abuse and Neglect Procedure
Allegations Against Staff Procedure
This chapter was updated in May 2021 to reflect changes from the revised Working Together to Safeguard Children.
The home's designated senior manager is responsible for coordinating Safeguarding Children Referrals.
However, safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people and protecting them from abuse and harm is a shared responsibility and depends on effective joint working between all staff working in the home and other agencies. All staff have a responsibility to report any suspicions that a child has been mistreated or harmed.
Local authorities have a duty to promote and safeguard the welfare of children and to investigate and take necessary action to protect children and young people from abuse and harm.
Safeguarding is a term which is broader than 'child protection' and relates to the action taken to promote the welfare of children and protect them from harm. Safeguarding is everyone's responsibility. Safeguarding is defined in Working Together to Safeguard Children as:
There are four defined categories of child abuse:
See also Recognising Abuse and Neglect Procedure.
The general principle is that all safeguarding concerns and any allegations must be reported.
Children must be listened to and enabled to report any abuse or neglect at the earliest opportunity. Children should be supported by staff to understand what abuse is. They should be given information about how to report abuse or how to share any concerns about possible abuse. This should include being able to access in private, relevant websites or help lines such as Childline to seek advice and help.The following actions should be taken when there is any concern or, disclosure about the welfare of a child or young person. This includes non recent or historical abuse that may have occurred at some time in the past and may not have been previously reported or investigated.
Harm can be perpetrated by any person, including:
Staff should firstly make their report to the home's designated senior manager, unless the manager is implicated. In which case staff must notify one of the following:
In an emergency, where there is an immediate risk to the child, staff must take necessary action. This may involve asking for Police assistance or seeking emergency medical assistance e.g. taking the child to hospital or contacting the emergency services via 999. If the child is taken to hospital or the Police are called, staff must inform them that there is a suspicion of abuse or harm. Thereafter staff must notify the manager (or other agency) as described above.
Once notified, the designated senior manager will be responsible for following the Multi-Agency Safeguarding Children Procedures for your area and making a referral to the Local Authority Children's Social Care Services (see Section 4, Action by the Designated Senior Manager).
When sharing information about a child with Children’s Social Care, it is good practice for practitioners to be transparent about their concerns and to seek to work cooperatively with the child and their parents / carers. The manager in the home should therefore usually inform parents / carers (and the child depending on their age and level of understanding) that they are going to make a referral.
However, referrals can be made without first informing the child and / or their parents / carers where to do so would place a child at risk. Any decision not to inform a child or their parents / carers must be recorded with reasons.
The home must keep a record of all safeguarding concerns and the actions taken by staff / managers.
If a Child Protection / Section 47 Enquiry is initiated, the home's manager must inform the Regulatory Authority (see Notification of Serious Events Procedure).
When a staff member sees, hears or is told anything that causes them to become concerned that a child or young person is suffering or likely ti suffer Significant Harm, they must report it immediately - as described above in Section 2, Reporting Concerns.
Children will sometimes disclose abuse to an adult who they have come to feel they can trust. If a child discloses abuse it is important that staff respond appropriately by remaining calm and receptive; listening without interrupting; only asking questions for clarification and acknowledging the child's courage in telling.
It is not the staff member's responsibility to investigate or in any way make judgements about what is reported to them. Investigations, if necessary, must be undertaken by the Police and Children's Social Care.
If a disclosure or allegation of abuse or harm has been made, staff should discuss with the child or other person who has made the complaint what steps they would like taken to protect them and their wishes should be shared and, if not in conflict with procedures, followed.
Where the allegation or disclosure is of a non recent or historical nature, e.g. relating to abuse or harm that may have been perpetrated in another placement or by family members, allegations must be taken seriously and must be reported in the same way as any other allegation.
Staff must not give absolute guarantees of confidentiality to those who report possible abuse or harm, but they should guarantee that they will take steps to ensure that appropriate action is taken and the child or young person protected.
If an allegation or any suspicion is about the behaviour, past or present of another member of staff, including managers, which may in any way put children at risk, staff must follow the Allegations Against Staff Procedure.
Staff must make a written record as soon as possible of what they have been told, any questions they asked and the replies given and the actions taken and by whom. They must then give the report to the designated senior manager.
This information should be placed on the child's record except where a colleague is implicated or there is any risk to the child as a result, in which case notes/records should be given to the manager dealing with the matter.
Staff should not discuss the matter with others, including other staff, parents etc unless asked to do so by those responsible for dealing with any subsequent investigation or enquiry.
After receiving a report of a concern, suspicion or allegation of abuse or harm, the home's designated senior manager must firstly take any steps needed to protect any child or young person from risk of immediate harm.
The designated senior manager should ensure the following people are notified:
*Re Allegations Against Staff: See Allegations Against Staff Procedure.
The procedures that will be followed will depend on the decisions made by Children's Social Care and the social worker. It is also likely that the Regulatory Authority will be involved in decision making.
The home's manager (or delegated senior manager) will co-operate with the decisions/actions taken by them.
Following receipt of the referral, if Children's Social Care have concerns that a child has suffered or is likely to suffer significant harm a Strategy Discussion/Meeting will be convened, to decide whether to initiate a Child Protection Enquiry and, if so, to agree the following with the manager:
The designated senior manager should ensure that the child is supported during any enquiries/investigation, this may require an independent advocate or independent person to be involved. The manager should also ensure that all staff co-operate fully.
Abuse and harm can be perpetrated upon one child or young person by another in many different ways, including persistent or serious bullying, sexual exploitation, aggressive, exploitative or other threatening behaviour which places a child or young person at risk.
Where there is any suspicion or allegation of abuse or harm perpetrated by one child or young person upon another, the procedures in Section 2, Reporting Concerns should be followed.
Protecting the rights of both victim and alleged perpetrator is important. It may be necessary, dependent on an assessment of all the facts, to separate the alleged perpetrator and victim but it may not be possible to explain why this is necessary to the perpetrator.
Throughout the process thereafter it will be necessary to ensure that children or young people with allegations made against them are properly supported, by an independent person if appropriate or required, as well as their social worker and parent(s).
Once the investigation is complete, consideration will then need to be given to the needs and interests of both alleged victim and perpetrator, and whether counselling and/or other support should be given.
Children or young people who are known to have sexually abused other children should be not be placed together unless a risk assessment has been undertaken by someone specially qualified to do so.
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